Gemini 2 5 0 Mm
Gemini Level 5, Version 2.1 Serial Interface Command Description
Captain your own space ship and roam the galaxy in 3D in this tactical space simulator with tons of RPG depth! Space has never looked so inviting - but images can betray. It has been two years since the end of the second Gemini war, the situation in the wartorn system is further from resolution than ever. Consistent with Week 48 outcomes, the response rate remained lower in dolutegravir plus lamivudine participants with CD4+ ≤ 200 cells/mm 3, (GEMINI 1: 65% (20/31) compared to 90% (26/29) in the respective arms unadjusted difference -25.1 (-45.3,-5.0) GEMINI 2: 72% (23/32 compared to 85% (22/26) unadjusted difference -12.7 (-33.6,8.1) in. 2.5-25W (specified when ordered) Spurious outputs 13dB: Efficiency (RF) 65%: RF Device: 1 x Freescale MRFE6VP6300H: Protection: Overdrive, SWR, Over Temperature: Relays: Coaxial Output and Input: Metering: RF output: Power requirements: 230V AC 50/60Hz: Dimensions mm: 270w x 300d x 120h: Weight: 10Kg.
Gemini's LX200-like Commands
The Gemini system supports a subset of the Meade� LX200 CommandSet making it compatible to many planetarium programs using this command set.Programs featuring special Gemini drivers can make use of the additional LX200-style extensions.Gemini also supports a Native Command Set as described below.Many of these features and a hub functionality allowing several programs to access theGemini controller simultaneously can be accessed by using an ASCOM driver .
Syntax: values in <> are (to be) replaced by actual values. Curledbrackets {} show alternative characters.Upon completion, ASCII characters or strings are returned, if indicated.
| 0x06 (ACK char) | B# while the initial startup message is being displayed , b# while waiting for the selection of the Startup Mode, S# during a Cold Start or G# if startup was completed with an equatorial mount selected, A# if startup was completed with an Alt/Az mount selected.NEW in L5.1 | Usable for testing the serial link and determining the typeof mount (German Equatorial or Alt/Az). During Startup, with a 'b#' being returned, the connected device can select the startupmode by sending either a
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| Synchronize | ||
| :CE<character># | <character># | This commands echoes the given character, followed by a hash mark. It can be used to synchronize the serial data exchange.NEW in L5 |
| :Cm# | No object!# or <object name># | The string 'No object!#' is returned if the mount is not aligned orno object was selected, otherwise the name of the selected object used is returned. This command does an 'Additional Alignment', (re)calculating the current pointingmodel parameters and synchronizing to the position of the selected object. |
| :CM# | No object!# or <object name># | The string 'No object!#' is returned if the mount is not aligned orno object was selected, otherwise the name of the selected object used is returned. The position (RA and DEC) is synchronized to the position of the objectby setting the Index or Flip parameters of the current model. |
| :C<n># | <n># | Select a pointing model. Currently two models (n=0, n=1) are supported. NEW in L5 |
| :Cc# | <n># | Selects the currently active pointing model for I/O access. Currently two models (n=0, n=1) are supported. NEW in L5 |
| :C?# | <n># | Returns the number of the currently active pointing model. Currently two models (n=0, n=1) are supported. NEW in L5 |
| :CI# | No object!# or <object name># | The string 'No object!#' is returned if the mount is not aligned orno object was selected, otherwise the name of the selected object used is returned. An Initial Align is done. The currently selected model is reset and the mount issynchronized to the selected object. NEW in L5 |
| :CR# | <n># | The currently selected model <n> is reset. NEW in L5 |
| :CU# | <n># | The last alignment of the currently selected model is reset. NEW in L5 |
| Focus Control | ||
| :F+# | Focus In | |
| :F-# | Focus Out | |
| :FQ# | Stop focusing | |
| :FF# | Focus Fast | |
| :FM# | Focus Medium | |
| :FS# | Focus Slow | |
| Get Information | ||
| :GA# | In Double Precision mode: {+-}<dd>.<dddddd># In High Precision mode: {+-}<dd>:<mm>:<ss># In Low Precision mode: {+-}<dd>�<mm># | Get Altitude (from L1, V2.0 up) |
| :GB# | <n># | Get LED Display Brightness Value(from L1, V2.0 up) n=0: 100% n=6: 6.6% n=7: blank display n=8: test mode (all pixels lit). |
| :GC# | <mm>/<dd>/<yy># | Local Calendar Date, month mm, days dd and years yy separated by slashes. |
| :Gc# | (24)# | Clock Format |
| :GD# | In Double Precision mode: {+-}<dd>.<dddddd># In High Precision mode: {+-}<dd>:<mm>:<ss># In Low Precision mode: {+-}<dd>�<mm># | Apparent (refraction included) Declination the telescope is pointingto, to the equinox of the date. Except during GoTo operations, the coordinatesare corrected according to the pointing model. Signed degrees (-90 to +90), minutes, seconds. The degree sign in LowPrecision mode is the character 0xDF. |
| :Gd# | In Double Precision mode: {+-}<dd>.<dddddd># In High Precision mode: {+-}<dd>:<mm>:<ss># In Low Precision mode: {+-}<dd>�<mm># | Selected object's declination.New in L5.1 |
| :GE# | <hh>:<mm>:<ss># | Get Alarm time (from L1, V2.0 up) |
| :GG# | {+-}<hh># or {+-}<hh>:<mm>:<ss># | Get the difference between local time and UTC (from L1,V2.0 up). If your local time is earlier than UTC this command will return apositive value, if later than UTC the value is negative.The extended format with minutes and seconds is new in L5.Minutes and seconds will be omitted if both are zero. |
| :Gg# | {+-}<ddd>�<mm># In Double Precision mode: {+-}<dd>.<dddddd># | Get Site Longitude (from L1, V2.0 up) |
| :GH# | [-]<hh>:<mm>:<ss># In Double Precision mode: {+-}<hh>.<hhhhhh># | Hour Angle the telescope is pointing to. From L4, V1.0 up. |
| :GI# | <Information Buffer Content># | Get the content of the information buffer. Up to 256 characters, followed by a hash mark. NEW in L5 |
| :GL# | <hh>:<mm>:<ss># In Double Precision mode: {+-}<hh>.<hhhhhh># | Civil Time (UTC time from the internal Real Time Clock + UTC offset),hours, minutes, seconds in 24-hour format. |
| :Gm# | {EW}# | Get Telescope Mount's Side of Meridian. E# for East or W# for West side is replied. From L4, V1.0 up. |
| :GM# | <name string># | Name (up to 15 characters) of the first site stored. |
| :GN# | <name string># | Name (up to 15 characters) of the second site stored. |
| :GO# | <name string># | Name (up to 15 characters) of the third site stored. |
| :GP# | <name string># | Name (up to 15 characters) of the fourth site stored. |
| :GR# | In Double Precision mode: {+-}<hh>.<hhhhhh># High Precision mode: <hh>:<mm>:<ss># Low Precision mode: <hh>:<mm>.<m># | Apparent (refraction included) Right Ascension the telescope is pointingto, to the equinox of the date. Despite during GoTo operations, the coordinatesare corrected according to the pointing model. Hours (0 to 24), minutes, seconds or tenth of minutes. |
| :Gr# | In Double Precision mode: {+-}<dd>.<dddddd># In High Precision mode: {+-}<dd>:<mm>:<ss># In Low Precision mode: {+-}<dd>�<mm># | Selected object's right ascension.New in L5.1 |
| :GS# | <hh>:<mm>:<ss># In Double Precision mode: {+-}<hh>.<hhhhhh># | Sidereal Time. From L4, V1.0 up. |
| :Gt# | {+-}<dd>�<mm># In Double Precision mode: {+-}<hh>.<hhhhhh># | Get Site Latitude (from L1, V2.0 up). |
| :GV# | <l><vv># | Get Software Level l(one digit) and Version vv(two digits) |
| :GVD# | <mm> <dd> <yyyy># | Get Software Built Date (from L4, V1.0 up) |
| :GVN# | <l>.<vv># | Get Software Level l(one digit) and Version vv(two digits) (from L4, V1.0 up) |
| :GVP# | Losmandy Gemini# | Product String (from L4, V1.0 up) |
| :GVT# | <hh>:<mm>:<ss># | Get Software Built Time (from L4, V1.0 up) |
| :Gv# | N (for 'no movement') T (for Tracking) G (for Guiding) C (for Centering) S (for Slewing) ! for Stall | Get Maximum Velocity of both axes. |
| :GW# | N (for 'no movement') T (for Tracking) G (for Guiding) C (for Centering) S (for Slewing) ! for Stall | Get Velocity RA New in L5. |
| :Gw# | N (for 'no movement') T (for Tracking) G (for Guiding) C (for Centering) S (for Slewing) ! for Stall | Get Velocity DEC New in L5. |
| :Gu# | N (for 'no tracking') T (for Tracking) G (for Guiding) C (for Centering) S (for Slewing) ! for Stall | Get Velocity RA, DEC (2 characters) New in L5. |
| :GZ# | In Double Precision mode: {+-}<hh>.<hhhhhh># In High Precision mode: <ddd>:<mm>:<ss># In Low Precision mode: <ddd>�<mm># | Get Azimuth. From North over East. (From L4, V1.0 up) |
| Park | ||
| :hP# | Park at Home Position. The Home Position defaults to the celestial pole visibleat the given hemisphere (north or south) but can be set by the user at the Gemini. | |
| :hC# | Park at the Startup Position. This position is the position required for a Cold or Warm Start,pointing to the celestial pole of the given hemisphere (north or south), with the counterweightpointing downwards (CWD position). From L4, V1.0 up. | |
| :hZ# | Park at Zenith.New in L5. | |
| :hN# | Sleep Telescope: stop tracking, blank displays. | |
| :hW# | Wake Up Telescope, resume tracking. | |
| :h?# | 2: Park operation in progress 1: Park operation completed. The mount is parked. 0: No Prk command received or Park operation failed. | Parking Status Inquiry |
| Move Telescope | Note: the directions mentioned depend upon the hemisphere of theobserving site and the side of the mount the telescope actually is. Directionsdo not change when crossing one of the poles. | |
| :MA# | 0 1Object below horizon.# 2No object selected.# 3Manual Control.# | Slew to an object. The object selection had to be done by sendingthe Sz and Sa commands with the horizontal (Azimuth and Altitude) object coordinates. This command will be rejected while the system is in Manual Mode, f.i. identifying or selecting an object from the internaldatabases. From L4, V1.0 up. |
| :MF<n> | # | Move Find: for 0 For n=0 the position is changed ('wobbled') shaping an X with 5 arcmin legs moving at a quarter of the centering speed to detect faint objects. |
| :ML# | # | Move Lock: Slew commands :MS# and :MA# will be suppressed, error code 3 (Manual Control)will be returned if these commands are sent. |
| :Ml# | # | Move Unlock: Slew commands :MS# or :MA# will be allowed to be executed again. |
| :Mf# | 0 1Object below horizon.# 3Manual Control.# 4Position unreachable.# | Do a meridian flip and slew to the current coordinates. |
| :MM# | 0 1Object below horizon.# 2No object selected.# 3Manual Control.# 4Position unreachable.# 5Not aligned.# 6Outside Limits.#7Rejected - Mount is parked!# | Slew to an object, doing a meridian flip if possible. Selection has had to be done locally(from Gemini's databases) or by sendingthe Sr and Sd commands with the equatorial object coordinates. This command will be rejected whilethe system is in Manual Mode, f.i. identifying or selecting an object from the internaldatabases. |
| :MS# | 0 1Object below horizon.# 2No object selected.# 3Manual Control.# 4Position unreachable.# 5Not aligned.# 6Outside Limits.#7Rejected - Mount is parked!# | Slew to an object. Selection has had to be done locally (from Gemini's databases) or by sendingthe Sr and Sd commands with the equatorial object coordinates. This command will be rejected whilethe system is in Manual Mode, f.i. identifying or selecting an object from the internaldatabases. |
| :Me# | Move eastwards at the selected speed rate. | |
| :Mw# | Move westwards at the selected speed rate. | |
| :Mn# | Move northwards at the selected speed rate. | |
| :Ms# | Move southwards at the selected speed rate. | |
| :mi<RA steps>;<DEC steps># | Move axes by a certain amount of motor encoder ticks. The parameter value is multiplied by the factor given by the last :mm command (default 1).The allowed parameter range is 0..65535, signed to select the direction.If this range is not sufficient, a prescaler factor can be set by the :mm command. | |
| :mm<step multiplier># | Step multiplier for the :mi command. The step count parameter of the :mi command is multiplied by this factor. | |
| Precision Guiding | ||
| :Ma<direction><arcsecs># | Moves into <direction> 'e', 'w', 'n', 's' for <arcsecs>arc seconds. <arcsecs> are converted into motor encoder ticks,in L4 the result must not exceed 255 or will be cut off modulo 256. | |
| :Mi<direction><steps># | Moves into <direction> 'e', 'w', 'n', 's' for <steps> (1 <= steps <= 255) motor encoder ticks. | |
| :Mg<direction><time># | Moves into <direction> 'e', 'w', 'n', 's' for <time>milliseconds. <time> is converted into motor encoder ticks, in L4 theresult must not exceed 255 or will be cut off modulo 256. | |
| Object/Observing/Output | ||
| :OC# | Clears the Observing Log. | |
| :OI<catalog-id><object-id># | Select an object object-id from Gemini's internal databases catalog-id. Catalog-id is a character selecting one of the contiguous catalogues:'1': Messier, '2': NGC, '3': IC, '4': Sh2, '7': SAO, ':': LDN, ';': LBN.Object-id is a numeric designation of the object in the catalogue; it can be followed by an extension character for NGC and IC catalogues. | |
| :OO# | <current display content># | Ask for the current content of the output display line (up to 32 charactersfollowed by a hash mark). New in L5. |
| :Oo# | <previous display content># | Ask for the current content of the output display line (up to 32 charactersfollowed by a hash mark). New in L5. |
| :ON<name># | Tells the Gemini system the name or identification of the selectedobject. If this command is not used, the name defaults to 'PC Object'.Using this command is recommended between the :Sr and :Sd commands for equatorial coordinates or the :Sz and :Sa commands for horizontal coordinates respectively. From L4, V1.0 up. | |
| :OR# | <log entry># | Reads the next line from the Observing Log. |
| :OS# | Points to the beginning of the Observing Log. | |
| :Oc# | Delete all User Catalogue entries. | |
| :Od<object line># | Download a User Catalogue entry to the Gemini. The object line consist of
| |
| :On# | <n># | 0 <= n <= 4096: Read current number of Gemini's User Catalogue entries. |
| :Or# | <object line># | Upload a User Catalogue entry from Gemini. |
| :Os# | Points to the beginning of the User Catalogue (for downloading). | |
| Precession and Refraction | ||
| :p0# | No precession calculation necessary in the Gemini. Coordinates transferred to theGemini are already precessed to the equinox of the date. Refraction is not calculated. | |
| :p1# | Precession calculation is to be done by Gemini. Coordinates transferred to theGemini refer to the standard epoch J2000.0. Refraction is not calculated. | |
| :p2# | No precession calculation necessary in the Gemini. Coordinates transferred to theGemini are already precessed to the equinox of the date. Refraction is calculated. From L4, V1.0 up. | |
| :p3# | Precession calculation is to be done by Gemini. Coordinates transferred to theGemini refer to the standard epoch J2000.0. Refraction is calculated. From L4, V1.0 up. | |
| Precision | ||
| :P# | DBL PRECISION or HIGH PRECISION or LOW PRECISION | All strings are 14 characters long (there are 2 blanks between LOW or DBLand PRECISION). |
| :U# | Toggle between Low Precision (short) and High Precision (long) mode.Gemini is in High Precision mode after starting up. | |
| :u# | NEW in L5Select the Double Precision mode. Values will be displayed in signed floating point formatwith 6 digits after the decimal point. 'Set' parameters can be send the same way. | |
| Quit Moving | ||
| :Q# | Quit all movements mentioned below. | |
| :Qe# | Quit movement eastwards. | |
| :Qw# | Quit movement westwards. | |
| :Qn# | Quit movement northwards. | |
| :Qs# | Quit movement southwards. | |
| Rate | ||
| :RC# | Rate Centre. Subsequent Move commands will move at Centering Speed. | |
| :RG# | Rate Guide. Subsequent Move commands will move at Guiding Speed. | |
| :RM# | Rate Move. Subsequent Move commands will move at Move/Find Speed. | |
| :Rm[<sign>][<value>]# | Set Move Rate, either to an absolute value (if no sign was specified) given or (if a sign was given) as increment/decrement to the current rate. If no value is specified, Move Rate is set to the default value 50. | |
| :RS# | Rate Slew. Subsequent Move commands will move at Slewing Speed. | |
| :R?# | G#, C#, M# or S# | Currently selected speed for Move commands is returned as one of the characters G, C, M or S followed by a hash mark. New in L5. |
| Set | ||
| :Sa{+-}<dd>{*�}<mm># or :Sa{+-}<dd>{*�:}<mm>:<ss># | 0 if invalid or 1 if valid | Sets the object's altitude. A negative sign is ignored. Values greaterthan 90 degrees are set to 90 degrees.It is important that the :Sz# command has been send prior.If the coordinate selection is valid the object status is set to 'Selected'. From L4, V1.0 up. |
| :SB<n># | Set LED Display Brightness Value(from L1, V2.0 up) n=0: 100% n=6: 6.6% n=7: blank display n=8: test mode (all pixels lit). | |
| :SC<mm>/<dd>/<yy># | 0 if invalid or 1Updating planetary data# <24 blanks># | Set Calendar Date: months mm, days dd, year yy of the civil time accordingto the timezone set. The internal calender/clock uses GMT. |
| :Sd{+-}<dd>{*�}<mm># or :Sd{+-}<dd>{*�:}<mm>:<ss># | 0 if invalid or 1 if valid | Sets the object's declination. It is important that the :Sr# command has been send prior.Internal calculations are done that may take up to 0.5 seconds. If the coordinate selection is valid the object status is set to 'Selected'. |
| :SE<hh>:<mm>:<ss># | 1 | Set Alarm Time from the civil time hours hh, minutes mm and seconds ss.The timezone has to be set before using this command. |
| :SG{+-}hh# | 1 | Set the number of hours by which your local time differs from UTC. Ifyour local time is earlier than UTC set a positive value, if later thanUTC set a negative value. The time difference has to be set beforesetting the calendar date (SC) and local time (SL), since the Real TimeClock is running at UTC. |
| :S0<name string># | 1 | Set name of site #0. The minimum length of site name strings is 1 byte, the maximum length 15 bytes. New in L5. |
| :SM<name string># | 1 | Set name of the first site stored. The minimum length of site name strings is 1 byte, the maximum length 15 bytes. |
| :SN<name string># | 1 | Set name of the second site stored. |
| :SO<name string># | 1 | Set name of the third site stored. |
| :SP<name string># | 1 | Set name of the forth site stored. |
| :SL<hh>:<mm>:<ss># | 1 | Set RTC Time from the civil time hours hh, minutes mm and seconds ss.The timezone has to be set before using this command. |
| :Sg{+-}<ddd>*<mm># | 1 if valid | Sets the longitude of the observing site to ddd degrees and mm minutes.The longitude has to be specified positively for western latitudes (westof Greenwich, the plus sign may be omitted) and negatively for easternlongitudes. Alternatively, 360 degrees may be added to eastern longitudes. |
| :Sp# | No object!# or 1 if object coordinates were set. | Precess coordinate transmitted by means of :Sr and :Sd to the equinox of the date. |
| :Sr<hh>:<mm>.<m># or :Sr<hh>:<mm>:<ss># | 0 if invalid or 1 if valid | Sets the object's Right Ascension and the object status to 'Not Selected'.The :Sd# command has to follow to complete the selection. The subsequentuse of the :ON...# command is recommended. |
| :St{+-}<dd>*<mm># | 1 if valid | Sets the latitude of the observing site to dd degrees, mm minutes.The minus sign indicates southern latitudes, the positive sign may be omitted. |
| :Sw<n># | 1 if valid | Sets the Slewing rate for the Move commands |
| :Sz<ddd>{*�}<mm># or :Sz<ddd>{*�:}<mm>:<ss># | 0 if invalid or 1 if valid | Sets the object's azimuth. From L4, V1.0 up. |
| Site Select | ||
| :W<n># | Select stored Site n with 0<=n<=3. | |
| :W?# | 0<=n<=3. | Stored Site n |
| :WQ# | Query a connected GPS receiver. |
Gemini Native Commands
Many of Gemini's system settings that cannot be accessed using the LX200-like command setcan be read or modified using the native command set implemented in Gemini. The native commands follow a simple syntax:
| <<id>:<checksum># | <parameter value><checksum># | Get Value(from L2 up) |
| ><id>:<parameter value><checksum># | Set Value(from L2 up) |
| 0..8 | 0: Custom Mount 1: GM-8 2: G-11 3: HGM-200 4: MI-250 5: Titan 6: Titan50 7: G-10 8: G-12 | Mount Type. Custom mount support (Id 0 and also commands 21..28) was introduced in L4. Attention: The CI-700 entry was replaced by the MI-250. CI-700 can be supported as a custom mount. | ||
| 10, 11..15 | 10: Neither use encoder nor end switches 11: Use Encoder 12: Test Encoder 13: Ignore Encoder 14: Use end switches 15: Don't use end switches | Axis Encoder port status. 10 can be used for requesting. | ||
| 21 | {+-}80..720 | {+-}80..720 | RA worm gear ratio. The sign indicates the direction. Note: The 1,296,000 arcsec of a circle divided by the product of worm gear ratio, spur gear ratio and motor encoder resolution define the step size per encoder tick. Gemini L4 supports step sizes from 0.2 arcsec/tick to 2.5 arcsec/tick. Combinations exceedingthis range are not allowed. | |
| 22 | {+-}80..720 | {+-}80..720 | DEC worm gear ratio. The sign indicates the direction. See note for command 21. | |
| 23 | 10..150 | 10..150 | RA spur gear ratio. See notes for commands 21 and 27. | |
| 24 | 10..150 | 10..150 | DEC spur gear ratio. See note for command 21. | |
| 25 | 100..2048 | 100..2048 | RA motor encoder resolution. See notes for commands 21 and 27. | |
| 26 | 100..2048 | 100..2048 | DEC motor encoder resolution. See note for command 21. | |
| 27 | 2000..25600 | Number of RA steps for one worm revolution (since is a product ofspur ratio and motor encoder ratio,this command can only be used forreading out the maximum step count, not for setting it). Note: This product must not exceed 25600. If higher valuesare reported the combination of RA spur gear ratio and motor encoder isinvalid. | ||
| 28 | 2000..25600 | Amount of DEC steps for one worm revolution (since is a product ofspur ratio and motor encoder ratio,this command can only be used forreading out the maximum step count, not for setting it). | ||
| 33 | 10..150 | 10..150 | RA spur gear ratio in 'double' format. See notes for commands 21 and 27. | |
| 34 | 10..150 | 10..150 | DEC spur gear ratio in 'double' format. See note for command 21. | |
| 51 | 0 .. 1 | Gemini mainboard version. Returns '0' for the original rectangular unit, '1' for the square 'mini' controler. NEW in L5.2 | ||
| 81 | Enquiry to get a coordinates and states string. See separate ENQ macro description.NEW in L5.1 | |||
| 91 | 0 or 1 | 0 or 1 | Native Command checksum behavior. 0: MSB bit is cleared (modulo 128), 1: MSB bit is not cleared.NEW in L5 | |
| 92 | 0 .. 2 | 0 .. 2 | Park behavior. 0: Every Move command wakes up the mount (default), 1: Only GoTo and Unpark commands wake up, 2: Only a WakeUp command wakes up the mount.NEW in L5.1 | |
| 96 | 1: Configuration data reloaded from SD card, 2: SRAM variables structure was changed by the new firmware version, 4: Wrong SRAM checksum, f.i. after changing battery, 8: reserved, 16: RTC and location updated by GPS, 32: RTC had to be initialized, 64: reserved, 128: reserved. | Startup circumstances, a bitwise combination of several indications regarding the static ram (SRAM) containing the setup and the real-time clock RTC (both running on battery while Gemini is powered off) NEW in L5.1 | ||
| 97 | Eight revision characters 1: Site, 2: Date/Time, 3: Mount Parameter, 4: Display content, 5: Modelling parameters, 6: Speeds, 7: Park, 8: reserved. | State Check. This string of characters can be requested periodically to be compared with a former state. Whenever one of these characters was changed, the corresponding serial commands can be used to get the latest information. The characters are initialized to a '0' (0x30), will be incremented up to '~' (0x7E) and will then start at '0' again. There can be multiple changes between requests. NEW in L5 | ||
| 99 | Decimal sum of 1: Telescope is Aligned, 2: Modelling in use, 4: Object is selected, 8: GoTo operation is ongoing, 16: RA limit reached, 32: Gemini assumes object coordinates to refer to J2000.0 and precesses them to the equinox of the date. | Status Inquiry. | ||
| 100 | {+-}2048..32768 | {+-}2048..32768 | Encoder Resolution in RA. | |
| 101 | 0..Encoder Resolution RA-1 | Get Encoder Value RA. | ||
| 110 | {+-}2048..32768 | {+-}2048..32768 | Encoder Resolution in DEC. | |
| 111 | 0..Encoder Resolution DEC-1 | Get Encoder Value DEC. | ||
| 120 | 20..2000 | 20..2000 | Manual Slewing Speed. | |
| 121 | 20..2000 | 20..2000 | Manual Slewing Speed in RA. New in L5. | |
| 122 | 20..2000 | 20..2000 | Manual Slewing Speed in DEC. New in L5. | |
| 130, 131..137 | 131: Sidereal 132: King Rate 133: Lunar 134: Solar 135: Terrestrial Mode 136: Closed Loop 137: Comet/User Defined | Tracking Rate. 130 can be used for requesting. | ||
| 140 | 20..2000 | 20..2000 | GoTo Slewing Speed (for both axes). | |
| 141 | 20..2000 | 20..2000 | GoTo Slewing Speed in RA. New in L5. | |
| 142 | 20..2000 | 20..2000 | GoTo Slewing Speed in DEC. New in L5. | |
| 145 | 20..2000 | 20..2000 | Move Speed (for both axes). New in L5. | |
| 146 | 20..2000 | 20..2000 | Move Speed in RA. New in L5. | |
| 147 | 20..2000 | 20..2000 | Move Speed in DEC. New in L5. | |
| 150 | 0.2..0.8 | 0.2..0.8 | Guiding Speed (for both axes). | |
| 151 | 0.2..0.8 | 0.2..0.8 | Guiding Speed in RA. New in L5. | |
| 152 | 0.2..0.8 | 0.2..0.8 | Guiding Speed in DEC. New in L5. | |
| 160, 161..163 | 161: Visual Mode 162: Photo Mode 163: All Speeds | Classical Hand Controller Mode. 160 can be used for requesting. | ||
| 170 | 1..255 | 1..255 | Centering Speed (for both axes). | |
| 171 | 1..255 | 1..255 | Centering Speed in RA. New in L5.. | |
| 172 | 1..255 | 1..255 | Centering Speed in DEC. New in L5. | |
| 180, 181..182 | 181: Alarm Off 182: Alarm On | Alarm Mode. 180 can be used for requesting. | ||
| 190, 191..192 | 191: RA Motor stopped. 192: RA Motor moving. | RA Motor Movement. Command 190 can be used to obtain the current status,191 for stopping and 192 for restarting the tracking. | ||
| 200 | 0..255 | 0..255 | TVC Step Count. | |
| 201 | {+-}0..65535 | {+-}0..65535 | Modelling Parameter A (Polar Axis Misalignment in Azimuth),in seconds of arc. | |
| 202 | {+-}0..65535 | {+-}0..65535 | Modelling Parameter E (Polar Axis Misalignment in Elevation),in seconds of arc. | |
| 203 | {+-}0..65535 | {+-}0..65535 | Modelling Parameter NP (Axes Non-Perpendicularity at the Pole),in seconds of arc. | |
| 204 | {+-}0..65535 | {+-}0..65535 | Modelling Parameter NE (Axes Non-Perpendicularity at the Equator),in seconds of arc. | |
| 205 | {+-}0..65535 | {+-}0..65535 | Modelling Parameter IH (Index Error in Hour Angle),in seconds of arc. | |
| 206 | {+-}0..65535 | {+-}0..65535 | Modelling Parameter ID (Index Error in Declination),in seconds of arc. | |
| 207 | {+-}0..65535 | {+-}0..65535 | Modelling Parameter FR (Mirror Flop/Gear Play in RA),in seconds of arc. | |
| 208 | {+-}0..65535 | {+-}0..65535 | Modelling Parameter FD (Mirror Flop/Gear Play in Declination),in seconds of arc. | |
| 209 | {+-}0..65535 | {+-}0..65535 | Modelling Parameter CF (Counterweight & RA axis Flexure),in seconds of arc. | |
| 211 | {+-}0..65535 | {+-}0..65535 | Modelling Parameter TF (Tube Flexure),in seconds of arc. | |
| 220 | <ddd>d<mm>;<ddd>d<mm> | Set the respective Safety Limit to the current position. The Getfunction returns the eastern and western safety limits currently set.Note: Gemini will automatically compensate if you change hemispheresby swapping the eastern and western limits. This is because the mountis oriented northwards in the northern hemisphere and southwards inthe southern hemisphere and so the side of the mount that faces eastin the northern hemisphere will face west in the southern hemisphereand vice versa. | ||
| 221 | <ddd>d<mm> | <ddd>d<mm> | Get/Set eastern Safety Limit with respect to the meridian in degrees ddd and minutes mm.See note at command 220. | |
| 222 | <ddd>d<mm> | <ddd>d<mm> | Get/Set western Safety Limit with respect to the meridian in degrees ddd and minutes mm.See note at command 220. | |
| 223 | <ddd>d<mm> | <ddd>d<mm> | Get/Set Western GoTo limit (with respect to the meridian) in degrees ddd and minutes mm.GoTo operations will include a meridian flip if necessary to stay outside this limit. Note: If the RA angles usable for GoTo operations (East Safety Limit to Western GoTo limitare not sufficient to point to any location, GoTo operations to unreachable locations will be refusedand the hand controller will display 'Interrupted'. A zero value (000d00) indicates that the GoToLimit wasn't set yet and the default (002d30, allowing for at least 10 minutes tracking the object)is to be used. | |
| 225 | <seconds> | Get Amount of steps (motor encoder ticks) to Western GoTo Limit.NEW in L5 | ||
| 226 | <seconds> | Get Tracking Time to Western GoTo Limit in seconds.NEW in L5 | ||
| 230 | <east>;<west> | Get physical Safety Limits in clusters of 256 motor encoder ticks.See note at command 221. | ||
| 231 | <east>;<west> | Get Amount of steps (motor encoder ticks) to the Safety Limits.NEW in L5 | ||
| 235 | <ra_clusters>;<dec_clusters> | Get current physical RA and DEC axes position in clusters of 256 motor encoder ticks. | ||
| 236 | 0..255;0..255 | Get the remainders of the current physical RA and DEC axes position clusters. | ||
| 237 | <ra_clusters>;<dec_clusters> | Get the size of a half physical circle in clusters of 256 motor encoder ticks. | ||
| 238 | <ra ticks>;<dec ticks> | Get the size of a half physical circle in motor encoder ticks.NEW in L5 | ||
| 239 | <ra ticks>;<dec ticks> | Get current physical RA and DEC axes position in motor encoder ticks.NEW in L5 | ||
| 245 | <ra lag>;<dec lag> | Get current physical RA and DEC servo motor offsets, -390..390. If the result is always zero, this command may require a new servo motor firmware.NEW in L5.1 | ||
| 246 | <ra lag>;<dec lag> | Get current RA and DEC servo motor duty cycle, -100..100. If the result is always zero, this command may require a new servo motor firmware.NEW in L5.1 | ||
| 311 | 0..15 | 0..63 | Feature Port Status. 4 bits (0..15) can be used for setting input/outputbits, 6 bits (including two additional input only bits 16 and 32, extending the range to 0..63) are available for input. | |
| 312 | 0..15 | Encoder Port Status. 4 bits (0..15) can be used for reading or setting input/outputbits if it is not intended to connect mount axis encoders but to use these channels alternatively. | ||
| 321 | Floating point value | Main battery voltage in volts.NEW in L5.2 | ||
| 322 | Floating point value | Lithium battery voltage in volts.NEW in L5.2 | ||
| 411 | Up to L4: 256..65535 L5: 0..4294967295 | Up to L4: 256..65535 L5: 0..4294967295 | RA (comet) tracking rate divisor. Up to L4, the RA timer runs at 1.5 MHz,using this divisorthe tracking rate can be adapted to the (mount dependent) speed of anobject to be tracked. Attention: up to L4, several internal prescalers may beused for further dividing down the frequency. NEW in L5 The divisor corresponds to a 12.0 MHz timer. | |
| 412 | Up to L4: {+-}0..65535 L5: {+-}0..2147483647 | Up to L4: {+-}0..65535 L5: {+-}0..2147483647 | DEC comet tracking rate divisor. Attention: Changed Meaning!In L3, there was no timer for DEC comet tracking available,the DEC divisor referred to the number of RA steps to be done for one step in DEC. In L4, the divisor value counts the number of internal timer ticks (at 22.888 18359 Hz)per one step in DEC, independently from RA. This corresponds to 0.657154312 arcsec/tick NEW in L5 The divisor corresponds to a 12.0 MHz timer. The sign indicates the direction. A zero value disables DEC tracking. | |
| 413 | Up to L4: 256..65535 L5: 0..4294967295 | Up to L4: 256..65535 L5: 0..4294967295 | RA- (slow, eastwards) guiding rate divisor. L4: While guiding eastwards, an additional 4x prescaler is active. L4: A value of zero returned means a timer set to the maximum of 65536. NEW in L5 The divisor corresponds to a 12.0 MHz timer. | |
| 414 | Up to L4: 256..65535 L5: 0..4294967295 | Up to L4: 256..65535 L5: 0..4294967295 | RA+ (fast, westwards) guiding rate divisor. See description to command 413. NEW in L5 The divisor corresponds to a 12.0 MHz timer. | |
| 415 | Up to L4: 0..65535 L5: 0..4294967295 | Up to L4: 0..65535 | DEC guiding rate divisor. NEW in L5 The divisor corresponds to a 12.0 MHz timer. | |
| 416 | 0..4G (4294967295) | 0..4G | DEC guiding rate Prescaler. NEW in L5.1 The prescaler multiplies the value of the DEC comet tracking rate divisor to achieve very slow movements in DEC. | |
| 421 | 0..4G | RA sidereal tracking rate divisor. NEW in L5.1 | ||
| 422 | 0..4G | Equivalent 1x DEC sidereal tracking rate divisor. NEW in L5.1 | ||
| 501 | 0..PECmax | 0..PECmax | Current RA PEC counter in steps, from 0 to the maximum step count per worm revolution PECmax.This maximum is the product of RA motor encoder resolution and spur gear ratio. It can be calculated multiplying the return values of the <23 and <25 commands or canbe obtained directly by <27. | |
| 502 | 0.2 .. 0.8 | Guiding Speed used for training PEC. Only valid if PEC was trained or PEC data were downloaded, see command 509. The set command can be used without parameters and sets the guiding speed back to the value used for training. | ||
| 503 | 0..25600 | 0..25600 | Maximum RA PEC counter in steps, from 0 to the maximum step count per worm revolution PECmax.This maximum is calculated as the product of RA motor encoder resolution and spur gear ratioat startup and whenever mount type or mount parameter are changed. Using this command, PECmax can be set to user defined values, f.i. to allow multiple wormcycles to be recorded. | |
| 504 | 0..255 | 0..255 | Maximum consecutive RA PEC steps. 0 disables step supervision. Higher values definethe maximum count of PEC steps in a row to enforce tiny corrections. After this maximum countis reached, normal tracking speed is reestablished. | |
| 508 | 0..1 | 0..1 | Enable (1) or disable (0) PEC playback at boot time, if PEC data are available.NEW in L5.2 | |
| 509 | 0..63 | 0..63 | PEC status. Decimal sum of: 1: PEC active, 2: freshly trained (not yet altered) PEC data are available as current PEC data, 4: PEC training in progress, 8: PEC training was just completed, 16: PEC training will start soon, 32: PEC data are available. | |
| 511 | offset | value;offset;repeat count | value;repeat count | Currently used PEC data. [value] can be 0 (=normal tracking), 1 (RA-, guiding eastwards) or 8 (RA+, guiding westwards). [offset] ranges from 0 to PECmax-1. [repeat count] indicates the number of equal valuesstarting at the given offset. |
| 512 | offset | value;offset;repeat count | value;repeat count | Saved PEC data. [value] can be 0 (=normal tracking), 1 (RA-, guiding eastwards) or 8 (RA+, guiding westwards). [offset] ranges from 0 to PECmax-1; [repeat count] indicates the number of equal valuesstarting at the given offset. Obsoleted in L5 by SD card PEC files. |
| 521 | RA-/slow step count; normal step count; RA+/fast step count | PEC statistics. Three decimal values, summing up the steps at the three speeds. | ||
| 530 | Start PEC training. The training phase will start about ten seconds after this command was issued. NEW in L5 | |||
| 531 | Switch PEC replay on, if there are valid PEC data available. NEW in L5 | |||
| 532 | Switch PEC replay off. NEW in L5 | |||
| 535 | '0': No PEC training was ongoing. '1': PEC training was aborted before it started '2': PEC training was aborted | Abort PEC training . NEW in L5 | ||
| 550 | Load/Store PEC data from/to SD card file PECCurrPEC.pec. NEW in L5 | |||
| 551 | <filename> | <filename> | Load/Store PEC data from/to SD card file <filename>. NEW in L5 | |
| 601 | Select English as language for the following display outputs.NEW in L5 | |||
| 602 | Select German as language for the following display outputs.NEW in L5 | |||
| 603 | Select French as language for the following display outputs.NEW in L5 | |||
| 604 | Select Spanish as language for the following display outputs.NEW in L5 | |||
| 700 | Mount Design | Mount Design | Basic mount design: 0: Equatorial, 1: Alt/Az. NEW in L5.1 | |
| 801 | IPv4 address | IPv4 address | IP version 4 address in decimal dotted notation.Activates new network settings immediately. NEW in L5 | |
| 802 | IPv4 netmask | IPv4 netmask | IP version 4 netmask in decimal dotted notation.Activates new network settings immediately. NEW in L5 | |
| 803 | IPv4 default gateway | IPv4 default gateway | IP version 4 gateway address in decimal dotted notation.Activates new network settings immediately. NEW in L5 | |
| 804 | IPv4 primary name server address | IPv4 primary name server address | IP version 4 name server address in decimal dotted notation.Activates new network settings immediately. NEW in L5 | |
| 805 | IPv4 secondary name server address | IPv4 secondary name server address | IP version 4 name server address in decimal dotted notation.Activates new network settings immediately. NEW in L5 | |
| 810 | 0: don't use DHCP 1: use DHCP | 0: don't use DHCP 1: use DHCP | Decides whether DHCP is activated at startup or not.NEW in L5 | |
| 811 | IPv4 address | IPv4 address | IP version 4 address in decimal dotted notation.NEW in L5 | |
| 812 | IPv4 netmask | IPv4 netmask | IP version 4 netmask in decimal dotted notation.NEW in L5 | |
| 813 | IPv4 default gateway | IPv4 default gateway | IP version 4 gateway address in decimal dotted notation.NEW in L5 | |
| 814 | IPv4 primary name server address | IPv4 primary name server address | IP version 4 name server address in decimal dotted notation.NEW in L5 | |
| 815 | IPv4 secondary name server address | IPv4 secondary name server address | IP version 4 name server address in decimal dotted notation.NEW in L5 | |
| 816 | Network Time Protocol server address | IPv4 NTP server address | IP version 4 NTP server address in decimal dotted notation.NEW in L5.2 | |
| 818 | Ethernet port MAC address | Ethernet port MAC address | Ethernet port MAC address in hexadecimal notation.NEW in L5 | |
| 826 | '0' or '1' to indicate if a asynchronous NTP server query was started. | Query the predefined Network Time Protocol Server.NEW in L5.2 | ||
| 910 | filename | '0' if file not found '1' if file was opened | Open a file for downloading it | |
| 911 | '0' if error '2' followed by data | Read file data | ||
| 912 | filename | '0' file not deleted '1'file deleted | Delete a file. | |
| 43610 | '1' file loaded/stored '0'file not loaded/stored | Load/Store the SRAM configuration data from/into the file configGemini.cfg.NEW in L5 | ||
| 43611 | filename | filename | '1' file loaded/stored '0'file not loaded/stored | Load/Store the SRAM configuration data from/into the file filename.NEW in L5 |
| 43690 | Reset to Losmandy HGM default values. | |||
| 43691 | Reset to Mountain Instruments default values. | |||
| 65533 | Reboot the Gemini controller software, enforcing a Cold Start. | |||
| 65534 | Reboot the Gemini controller software. | |||
| 65535 | Reboot the Gemini controller software. |
Using the native commands:
- The Identification tag is interpreted as an integer value, leadingzeros are ignored.
- Parameters are separated from the Id and from each other by hyphens.
- The checksum for the native commands is calculated by a bytewise XORoperation of the transmitted characters, including the Get/Set commandsign ('<', '>') and colon ':'. The highest significant bitof the result is cleared (modulo 128 operation) and 64 is added.
- Undefined Ids are ignored in Set operations. For Get operations, only ahash mark will be returned.
- In Debug Mode, the expected and the received checksum are displayed on the hand controller display in hexadecimal format whenever a discrepancy is detected. A command sent with a wrong checksum will not be executed.
Examples
- Get the Mount Type: '<0:v' and '<00:F#' are equivalent.
- '<1:w#' and '<2:t#' and '<3:u#' will deliver the same result,f.i. the string '1q#' if the mount type is set to GM-8 or '2r#'if G-11 is selected.
Meade� is a trademark registered by Meade Instruments Corporation,California, USA.
The atmospheric re-entry of Gemini 2 viewed through a pilot's window | |
| Mission type | Test flight |
|---|---|
| Operator | NASA[1] |
| Mission duration | 18 minutes, 16 seconds |
| Range | 3,422.4 kilometers (1,847.9 nmi) |
| Apogee | 171.1 kilometers (92.4 nmi) |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft | Gemini SC2 |
| Manufacturer | McDonnell |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | January 19, 1965, 14:03:59.861 UTC |
| Rocket | Titan II GLV,s/n 62-12557 |
| Launch site | |
| End of mission | |
| Recovered by | USS Lake Champlain |
| Landing date | January 19, 1965, 14:22:14 UTC |
| Landing site | 16°36′N49°46′W / 16.600°N 49.767°W |
Gemini 3 → | |
Gemini 2 (Gemini-Titan 2; GT-2)[2] was the second spaceflight of the American human spaceflight program Project Gemini, and was launched and recovered on January 19, 1965. Gemini 2, like Gemini 1, was an unmanned mission intended as a test flight of the Gemini spacecraft. Unlike Gemini 1, which was placed into orbit, Gemini 2 made a suborbital flight, primarily intended to test the spacecraft's heat shield. It was launched on a Titan II GLV rocket. The spacecraft used for the Gemini 2 mission was later refurbished into the Gemini B configuration, and was subsequently launched on another suborbital flight, along with OPS 0855, as a test for the US Air Force Manned Orbital Laboratory. Gemini spacecraft no. 2 was the first craft to make more than one spaceflight since the X-15, and the only one until Space Shuttle Columbia flew its second mission in 1981.
Mission history[edit]
GLV[edit]
The Titan II/Gemini launch vehicle was dismantled to protect it from two hurricanes in August and September 1964. The second stage of the vehicle was taken down and stored in a hangar on August 26, 1964 in preparation for Hurricane Cleo, and the entire launch vehicle was subsequently dismantled and removed from Cape Kennedy Air Force Station's Launch Complex19 in early September before Hurricane Dora passed over Cape Kennedy on September 9. The Gemini launch vehicle was erected for the final time on 12 September 1964.
The prime and backup crews for Gemini 3, John Young (suited), Wally Schirra, Thomas P. Stafford (in shirtsleeves), and Gus Grissom (suited), practice egress from the Gemini 2 pad, in preparation for the upcoming Gemini 3 flight
Many ground tests were carried out on the Gemini 2 and Titan rocket in November 1964. On November 24, Gemini-Titan (GT) 2 successfully completed the Wet Mock Simulated Launch, a full-scale countdown exercise which included propellant loading. Procedures for flight crew suiting and spacecraft ingress and egress were practiced during simulated launch. The prime flight crew for Gemini 3 donned pressure suits and full biomedical instrumentation, assisted by their backup crew and the space suit bioinstrumentation and aeromedical personnel who would participate in the GT-3 launch operation. As a result of this practice operation, it was established that all physical examinations, bioinstrumentation sensor attachment, and suit donning would be done in the pilot ready room at Launch Complex 16.
Gemini 2 had been scheduled for launch on December 9, 1964. On that date, the countdown reached zero and the first stage engines were ignited. The launch vehicle's Malfunction Detection System detected technical problems due to a loss of hydraulic pressure and shut down the engines about one second after ignition.
On the second launch attempt on January 19, 1965, Gemini 2 lifted off from Launch Complex 19 at Cape Kennedy at 9:03:59 a.m. EST (14:03:59.861 UTC).
Shortly after launch the Mission Control Center suffered a power outage. Control of the mission was transferred to a tracking ship. The outage was later traced to an overload of the electrical system from the network television equipment used to cover the launch.[3]
Gemini 2 flew a ballistic suborbital arc over the Atlantic Ocean reaching a maximum altitude of 92.4 nautical miles (171.1 km). The spacecraft was run by an onboard automatic sequencer. At 6 minutes 54 seconds after launch, retrorockets were fired. The spacecraft landed 1,847.9 nautical miles (3,422 km) downrange from the launch pad. The flight lasted 18 minutes 16 seconds. The landing was 14 nautical miles (26 km) short of the planned impact point, and 45 nautical miles (83 km) from the recovery aircraft carrier, USS Lake Champlain. The spacecraft was brought aboard the carrier at 15:52 UT (10:52 a.m. EST). Most goals were achieved, except the fuel cells had failed before liftoff and were turned off. The spacecraft cooling system temperature also was found to be too high. The Gemini 2 spacecraft was in excellent condition. Its heat shield and retrorockets functioned as expected. The Gemini 2 mission was supported by 6,562 United States Department of Defense personnel, 67 aircraft, and 16 ships.
Gemini 2 had flight instrumentation pallets installed in the crew cabin, similar to those in Gemini 1.
MOL[edit]
The Gemini 2 reentry module was refurbished and flown again on November 3, 1966 in a test flight for the United States Air ForceManned Orbiting Laboratory program. It was launched on a Titan IIIC rocket on a 33-minute suborbital flight from LC-40 at Cape Kennedy. It is the only Gemini spacecraft to have flown with U.S. Air Force insignia, but there is an unflown Gemini B spacecraft in USAF markings on display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio.
Gemini 2 5 0 Mm Inches
Gallery[edit]
SC2 is launched for a second time aboard a Titan 3C in November 1966, on a suborbital test flight for the USAF MOL project.
Gemini 2 instrument pallets (NASA)
Gemini 2 spacecraft on display at the Air Force Space and Missile Museum, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida.
Gemini 2 spacecraft on display at the Air Force Space and Missile Museum, Cape Canaveral.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
Gemini 2 5 0 Mm Equals
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
- ^Hacker, Barton C.; Grimwood, James M. (February 2003) [First published 1977]. 'Table of Contents'. On the Shoulders of Titans: A History of Project Gemini. NASA History Division, Office of Policy and Plans. NASA History Series. Washington, D.C.: NASA. NASA SP-4203. Retrieved September 12, 2013.
- ^'Gemini 2'. NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive (NSSDCA). NASA. 2017. GEMINI2.
- ^Chris Kraft, Flight, p. 206.
External links[edit]
Gemini 2 5 0 Mm =
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gemini 2. |
- The Gemini II Reentry Mission - 1965 - NASA on YouTube
- Gemini II reentry at real speed - HD source on YouTube
Gemini 2 5 0 Mm Socket
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